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Lack of Sleep

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Written by IELTS Mentor

Answer explanation - "Lack of Sleep"

Go to the Reading Passage: 'Lack of Sleep'


GT Reading Test Answer Explanation: 

Lack of sleep

Questions 28-37
The passage has seven sections labelled A-G.
Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet.
NB. You may use any letter more than once.

Question 28: the different amounts of sleep that people require.
Answer: A.

[Keywords: different amount of sleep, people require.

Explanation: The answer to this question can be found in paragraph A. The paragraph talks about the estimated amount of sleep needed by the average man or woman and highlights the variations in individual sleep requirements. In the first line, the author says, “It is estimated that the average man or woman needs between seven-and-a-half and eight hours’ sleep a night”. This means that the average person requires between seven-and-a-half and eight hours of sleep per night for optimal health.

Then the writer acknowledges that many people can function well with less sleep. Now take a look at the last sentence of the section,”..... states that healthy individuals sleeping less than five hours or even as little as two hours in every 24 hours are rare, but represent a sizeable minority”. This sentence suggests that people with limited sleep needs are uncommon but significant in number. Thus, the paragraph shows the fact that different people need different amounts of sleep.

So, the answer is: A.
 

Question 29: an investigation into the results of sleep deprivation.

[Keywords: investigation, results, sleep deprivation.]

Explanataion: The answer to this question can be found in paragraph C. In the paragraph, take a close look at the first few lines, “Researchers in San Diego deprived a group of men of sleep between 1 am and 5 am on just one night, and found that levels of their bodies’ natural defences against viral infections had fallen significantly when measured the following morning”.

Here, Researchers = investigators, & found that = results.

Thus, the paragraph C indicates that an investigation conducted by researchers in San Diego, highlighting the impact of sleep deprivation on the body’s natural defenses against viral infections.

So the answer is: C.
 

Question 30: some reasons why people may suffer from sleep disorders.

[Keyword:  why people suffer, sleep disorders.]

Explanation: The last few lines of paragraph E says, “Age aside, it is estimated that roughly one in three people suffer some kind of sleep disturbance. Causes can be anything from pregnancy and stress to alcohol and heart disease. Smoking is a known handicap to sleep, with one survey showing that ex-smokers got to sleep in 18 minutes rather than their earlier average of 52 minutes”.

Here, sleep disturbance = sleep disorders, & Causes = reasons why.

Thus, the section E cites pregnancy, stress, alcohol, heart disease, and smoking as the cause of sleep disturbance.

So, the answer is: E.
 

Question 31: lifestyle changes which can help overcome sleep-related problems.

[Keyword: Lifestyle changes, help overcome, sleep-related problems.]

Explanation: The answer to this question can be found in section F. In the section, take a close look at the first two sentences, “Apart from self-help therapy such as regular exercise, there are psychological treatments, including relaxation training and therapy aimed at getting rid of pre-sleep worries and anxieties. There is also sleep reduction therapy, where the aim is to improve sleep quality by strictly regulating the time people go to bed and when they get up”. These sentences discuss different therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing sleep-related problems.

Here, strictly regulating the time people go to bed and when they get = lifestyle change.

Thus, the section F finds out different therapeutic approaches that change individuals’ lifestyle, like regular exercise, relaxation training, sleep reduction therapy, and regulating sleep schedules, in order to improve sleep quality.

So, the answer is: F.
 

Question 32: a process by which sleep helps us to remain mentally and physically healthy

[Keyword: process, sleep helps, remain mentally and physically healthy.]

Explanation: The answer is found in section B. The first two sentences says, “The latest beliefs are that the main purposes of sleep are to enable the body to rest and replenish, allowing time for repairs to take place and for tissue to be regenerated. One supporting piece of evidence for this rest-and-repair theory is that production of the growth hormone somatotropin, which helps tissue to regenerate, peaks while we are asleep”.

Here, these sentences explains the process of rest and repair theory that suggests that sleep enables the body to repair and replenish cellular components essential for biological functions that become depleted during an awake day.

So, the answer is: B.
 

Question 33: claims about a commercialised man-made product for sleeplessness.

[Keyword: claims, commercialised man-made product, sleeplessness.]

Explanation: The answer to this question can be found in the last half of the section G. Here, the author says, “Melatonin pills contain a synthetic version of the hormone and are commonly used for jet lag as well as for sleep disturbance. John Nicholls, a sales manager of one of America’s largest health food shops, claims that sales of the pill have increased dramatically. He explains that it is sold in capsules, tablets, lozenges and mixed with herbs. It is not effective for all insomniacs, but many users have weaned themselves off sleeping tablets as a result of its application”.

Here, it is sold in capsules, tablets, lozenges and mixed with herbs = commercialised man-made product.
insomniacs = sleeplessness.

John Nicholls, a sales manager of one of America’s largest health food shops, makes the claims.

So, the answer is: G.
 

Question 34: the role of physical changes in sleeping habits.

[Keyword: role, physical changes, sleeping habits.]

Explanation: In the section E, take a close look at the very first line, “Sleeping patterns change with age, which is why many people over 60 develop insomnia”.

Here, sleeping patterns = sleeping habits & change with age = physical changes.

Thus, the line suggests that the natural changes in sleeping patterns that occur with age contribute to the prevalence of insomnia in individuals aged over 60.

Therefore, the answer is: E.
 

Question 35: the processes involved during sleep.

[Keyword: processes, during sleep.]

Explanation: Section D discusses the stages or processes that are involved during sleep. Take a look at the second sentence, “Despite popular belief that sleep is one long event, research shows that, in an average night, there are five stages of sleep and four cycles, during which the sequence of stages is repeated”.

Then the author expounds the stages in the following paragraphs.

So, the answer is: D.
 

Questions 36-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?

In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write-

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

Question 36: Sleep can cure some illnesses.

[Keyword: Sleep, cure, some illness.]

Explanation: We have found the discussion on the role of sleep in our physical and mental refreshments. However, the passage does not offer any factual information on whether sleep can cure any illness.

So, the answer is: NOT GIVEN.
 

Question 37: The various stages of sleep occur more than once a night.

[Keyword: various stages, sleep, occur, more than once a night.]

Explanation: The answer to this question can be found in the section D. In this section, take a close look at the second sentence of the first paragraph. The author says in the sentence, “......in an average night, there are five stages of sleep and four cycles, during which the sequence of stages is repeated”.

Here, in an average night = once a night, the sequence of stages is repeated = various stages of sleep occur more than once a night.

So, the answer is: TRUE.
 

Question 38: Dreaming and sleep-walking occur at similar stages of sleep.

[Keyword: Dreaming and sleep-walking, occur, similar stages of sleep.]

Explanation: The second half of section D provides us with the answer to this question. The author discusses on stage four (sleep-walking stage) and stage five (dream stage). Take a look at the second and third paragraphs, “.....In stage four, usually reached after an hour, the slumber is so deep that, if awoken, the sleeper would be confused and disorientated. It is in this phase that sleep-walking can occur, with an average episode lasting no more than 15 minutes. In the fifth stage, the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the heartbeat quickly gets back to normal levels, brain activity accelerates to daytime heights and above and the eyes move constantly beneath closed lids as if the sleeper is looking at something. During this stage, the body is almost paralysed. This REM phase is also the time when we dream”.

These sentences show that dreaming and sleep-walking do not occur at similar stages, but at different stages.

So, the answer is: FALSE.
 

Question 39: Sleepers move around a lot during the REM stage of sleep.

[Keyword: Sleepers, move around, REM stage]

Explanation: The section D offers us with the answer to this question. The paragraph says, “In the fifth stage, the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the heartbeat quickly gets back to normal levels, brain activity accelerates to daytime heights and above and the eyes move constantly beneath closed lids as if the sleeper is looking at something. During this stage, the body is almost paralysed. This REM phase is also the time when we dream”.

Here, the paragraph delineates the distinctive features of the REM phase, including the normalization of heartbeat, enhanced brain activity, constant eye movement, near-paralysis of the body, and the occurrence of dreaming. Let’s take a look at the penultimate sentence of the paragraph, “During this stage, the body is almost paralysed”.

Here, the phrase “the body is almost paralysed" means that the individuals cannot move around at all during this phase.

So, the answer is: FALSE.
 

Question 40: The body temperature rises relatively early in elderly people.

[Keyword: body temperature, rises, elderly people.]

Explanation: Let’s read the section E to find the answer as this section talks about as this particular section talks about body temperature. Take a look at the sentence, “The temperature rise occurs at daybreak in the young, but at three or four in the morning in the elderly”.

Daybreak typically refers to the time of sunrise and the phrase “at three or four in the morning” implies that the early hours of the morning, particularly the early hours before dawn.

This means that the body temperature rise in elderly individuals occurs a few hours earlier than in young individuals.

So, the answer is: TRUE.
 

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